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Gene transfer is a major factor in bacterial evolution

R Lan1, P R Reeves

  • 1Department of Microbiology, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.

Molecular Biology and Evolution
|January 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary
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Lateral gene transfer significantly shapes Salmonella enterica genomes, with clones differing by up to 20% of chromosomal DNA. This highlights extensive gene gain and loss, suggesting frequent horizontal gene transfer even between related strains.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Genomics
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Salmonella enterica exhibits significant genomic diversity.
  • Understanding the extent of genetic variation within S. enterica is crucial for evolutionary studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the degree of lateral gene transfer within Salmonella enterica.
  • To investigate the role of gene gain and loss in the evolution of S. enterica clones.

Main Methods:

  • Genomic subtraction was employed using Salmonella enterica strain LT2 as the target.
  • Probing of residual DNA after subtraction estimated the amount of non-hybridizing DNA.
  • Sequence analysis of subtracted fragments provided insights into gene function and origin.

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Main Results:

  • Significant differences in chromosomal DNA content were observed between S. enterica strains, ranging up to 1,286 kb.
  • Evidence suggests substantial gene gain and loss, with some DNA originating from distantly related species.
  • G+C content analysis indicated varying origins for the transferred DNA segments.

Conclusions:

  • Lateral gene transfer plays a major role in shaping the genomes of Salmonella enterica, even within subspecies.
  • Genomic plasticity, characterized by substantial differences in DNA content, is a key feature of S. enterica evolution.
  • The findings underscore the dynamic nature of bacterial genomes and the impact of horizontal gene transfer.