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[Fast and ultra-fast magnetic resonance tomography. Basic principles, pulse sequences and special properties]
M K Stehling1, W Nitz, N Holzknecht
1Institut für Radiologische Diagnostik, Universität München.
Der Radiologe
|December 1, 1995
Summary
This article systematically reviews fast and ultrafast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques. It proposes grouping pulse sequences into single- and multi-echo types for clarity, explaining their principles and applications.
Area of Science:
- Medical Imaging
- Physics
- Radiology
Context:
- Fast and ultrafast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques are crucial for reducing scan times and improving diagnostic capabilities.
- Understanding the fundamental principles of signal generation and spatial encoding is essential for optimizing MRI sequences.
- Conventional classification of MRI pulse sequences can be ambiguous and less informative.
Purpose:
- To systematically present fast and ultrafast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques.
- To explain the principles of signal generation and spatial encoding in MRI.
- To propose a revised classification of pulse sequences based on single- and multi-echo characteristics.
Summary:
- The article details the underlying principles of signal generation and spatial encoding in MRI.
- It explains how various single-echo sequences (spin-echo, FLASH, FISP, PSIF, CISS, DESS) derive from gradient echoes.
- It illustrates how multi-echo sequences (turbo spin-echo RARE, HASTE, GRASE) are based on echo-planar imaging, discussing their properties, advantages, and disadvantages.
Impact:
- This work provides a clearer and more precise framework for understanding and categorizing MRI pulse sequences.
- It aids researchers and clinicians in selecting appropriate fast and ultrafast MRI techniques for specific applications.
- The explanation of acronyms and sequence properties enhances the accessibility and practical utility of the information for a wider audience.