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High-level gentamicin resistance among enterococci

D F Sahm1, M S Gilmore

  • 1Department of Pathology, Washington University Medical Center, St Louis, MO, USA.

Developments in Biological Standardization
|January 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
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Gentamicin resistance in Enterococcus faecalis is mediated by the aacA-aphD gene. Divergence in flanking regions of this gene across enterococcal species aids in understanding resistance spread.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The bi-functional enzyme 6 -aminoglycoside acetyltransferase (AAC-6 )-2" aminoglycoside phosphotransferase (APH-2 ), encoded by aacA-aphD, confers gentamicin resistance in Enterococcus faecalis.
  • This gene resides on the composite transposon Tn5281, which shares homology with staphylococcal transposons Tn4001 and Tn4031, typically featuring flanking insertion sequences (IS256).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the genetic basis and diversity of gentamicin resistance in Enterococcus faecalis and related enterococcal species.
  • To characterize the flanking regions of the aacA-aphD gene and assess their role in resistance dissemination.

Main Methods:

  • Restriction enzyme analysis was employed to examine the genetic structure of the aacA-aphD gene and its flanking regions in various enterococcal isolates.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Comparative analysis of gene sequences and flanking elements (IS256-like, IS257-like) was performed across different species.

    • Main Results:

    • The aacA-aphD resistance gene sequence is conserved among studied E. faecalis isolates.
    • Significant heterogeneity was observed in the flanking regions of the aacA-aphD gene within E. faecalis and across other enterococcal species.
    • Homology of the resistance gene was maintained in other enterococcal species, but with greater variation in flanking sequences.

    Conclusions:

    • While the gentamicin resistance gene (aacA-aphD) is conserved, variations in its flanking regions among enterococci indicate measurable genetic divergence.
    • This divergence is crucial for understanding the mechanisms and spread of gentamicin resistance, which now involves staphylococci, enterococci, and streptococci.