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[Trace elements and their physiological roles]

O Wada1, H Yanagisawa

  • 1Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo.

Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine
|January 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary
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Essential trace elements like zinc and copper are vital for human health, acting as key components in enzymes. Deficiencies in these elements can lead to health issues and may mimic aging symptoms.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Human Physiology
  • Nutritional Science

Context:

  • 25 of 95 naturally occurring elements are essential for human life.
  • Eight specific essential trace elements (zinc, copper, selenium, cobalt, chromium, molybdenum, manganese, iodine) are crucial, comprising <0.01% of body weight.
  • These elements are vital cofactors at the active sites of enzymes and physiologically active substances.

Purpose:

  • To highlight the critical roles of essential trace elements in human health.
  • To explain the physiological functions and deficiency symptoms associated with these elements.
  • To explore the potential link between trace element deficiency and the pathophysiology of aging.

Summary:

  • Essential trace elements, including zinc, copper, and selenium, are indispensable micronutrients required for numerous bodily functions.

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  • They primarily function as cofactors for enzymes and other vital biomolecules.
  • Dietary deficiencies manifest in specific clinical signs, reflecting impaired enzymatic activity, and share similarities with aging-related conditions.

    • Impact:

    • Understanding trace element functions is crucial for diagnosing and preventing deficiency-related diseases.
    • This knowledge can inform nutritional guidelines and therapeutic strategies.
    • The parallels drawn with aging suggest potential interventions for age-related decline through trace element management.