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Updated: Aug 12, 2026

Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Naïve and Memory T Cells
Published on: April 16, 2012
T cell costimulatory pathways: promising novel targets for immunosuppression and tolerance induction
Abstract:
It is now accepted that T cells need two signals for full activation. The first is the foreign antigen itself presented by self-major histocompatibility complex and thus provides antigen specificity to the immune response. The second is a "costimulatory" signal, the best-characterized of which is provided through the T cell accessory molecule CD28. In vitro, the blockade of costimulatory signals inhibits T cell activation and induces a state of antigen-specific unresponsiveness. In vivo, agents that block CD28-mediated costimulation have proved extremely effective in inhibiting the immune response in experimental models of transplantation and autoimmune disease, providing novel strategies for use in clinical trials in the near future.
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