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Prefrontal alterations during memory processing in aging

L Nielsen-Bohlman1, R T Knight

  • 1Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Martinez 94553, USA.

Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
|November 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
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Aging impairs delayed recognition memory, affecting event-related potential (ERP) components like P3 and N4. Rapid memory remains intact, suggesting altered frontal cortical control in older adults.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Human amnesia studies suggest a short-term memory store with transfer to long-term memory within 60 seconds.
  • Frontal cortical activation is crucial for short-term memory maintenance, while limbic structures are vital for long-term memory access.
  • Event-related potential (ERP) components, P3 and N4, are generated during memory processes linked to these brain regions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of aging on ERPs during a visual recognition memory task.
  • To examine age-related differences in memory performance and neural activity at varying stimulus delays (1-150 seconds).

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a visual recognition memory task with stimuli presented at short (1.2 sec) and long (over 4 sec) delays.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) and analyzed performance in young and older adult subjects.
  • Focused on P3 and N4 components, as well as sustained frontal positivity.

    • Main Results:

    • Both young and older subjects showed distinct ERPs and performance for short versus long delays.
    • Older adults exhibited impaired performance and reduced posterior P3 amplitude at longer delays.
    • Reduced fronto-central N4 activity and enhanced sustained frontal positivity (50-800 msec) were observed in older subjects at longer delays.

    Conclusions:

    • Aging is associated with intact rapid recognition memory but impaired delayed recognition memory.
    • Age-related changes in memory may stem from altered frontal cortical control over posterior and limbic brain regions.