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A new rabbit model for keratoconjunctivitis sicca

J P Gilbard1, S R Rossi, K L Gray

  • 1Eye Research Institute of Retina Foundation, Boston, MA 02114, USA.

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
|February 1, 1987
PubMed
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Researchers developed a new rabbit model for dry eye disease (keratoconjunctivitis sicca). This model demonstrates elevated tear film osmolarity and persistent ocular surface disease following lacrimal gland duct closure.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Ocular Surface Disease

Background:

  • Dry eye disease (keratoconjunctivitis sicca) is a prevalent condition affecting ocular surface health.
  • Existing animal models may not fully recapitulate the complex pathophysiology of human dry eye.
  • Understanding the mechanisms driving dry eye is crucial for developing effective treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a novel and reliable rabbit model for inducing keratoconjunctivitis sicca.
  • To investigate the early physiological and cellular changes associated with induced dry eye.
  • To elucidate the causal relationship between lacrimal gland dysfunction and ocular surface disease.

Main Methods:

  • A surgical rabbit model was created by cauterizing the lacrimal gland excretory duct.

Related Experiment Videos

  • The nictitating membrane and harderian gland were surgically removed in conjunction with duct cauterization.
  • Tear-film osmolarity, corneal epithelial glycogen levels, and conjunctival goblet cell density were monitored postoperatively.
  • Slit-lamp examinations were performed to assess ocular surface integrity.
  • Control groups were utilized to isolate the effects of specific surgical interventions.

    • Main Results:

    • Tear-film osmolarity significantly increased by postoperative day 1, despite normal slit-lamp examination findings for the initial 8 weeks.
    • Corneal epithelial glycogen levels showed a progressive decline post-surgery.
    • Conjunctival goblet cell density remained consistently decreased.
    • Experimental controls confirmed that lacrimal gland excretory duct closure was essential for tear film hyperosmolarity.
    • Elevated tear film osmolarity was identified as a necessary factor for the development of persistent ocular surface disease.

    Conclusions:

    • The created rabbit model effectively induces keratoconjunctivitis sicca, characterized by early tear film hyperosmolarity and sustained ocular surface alterations.
    • Lacrimal gland excretory duct occlusion is the primary driver for tear film hyperosmolarity in this model.
    • The study highlights the critical role of tear film osmolarity in the pathogenesis of persistent ocular surface disease, providing a valuable tool for dry eye research.