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Related Experiment Videos

Blink-related eye movements

L A Riggs1, J P Kelly, K A Manning

  • 1Hunter Laboratory of Psychology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA.

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
|February 1, 1987
PubMed
Summary
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During a blink, human eyes rotate downward and inward, moving faster than eyelids close. This rapid eye movement aims to return the eye to its primary position, contrary to previous beliefs.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neuroscience
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Blinking is a common physiological action.
  • The precise eye movements accompanying blinks have been debated.
  • Previous theories suggested significant upward eye rotation (Bell's phenomenon).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To accurately measure and characterize eye movements during a human blink.
  • To compare the timing of eye movements with eyelid closure.
  • To investigate the effect of viewing angle on blink-associated eye movements.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a visual-persistence method for measuring eye movements.
  • Employed high-speed photography to record lid movements.
  • Used an eye tracker with eyelids taped open for confirmation.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Applied sequential photography of the cornea in profile.

    • Main Results:

    • Eyes rotate 1-2 degrees nasalward and downward during blink closure.
    • Eye movements are faster than lid movements, initiating and completing before full closure.
    • Off-center viewing causes eyes to rotate towards the primary position.
    • A small inward and outward retraction (less than 1 mm) of the eyeball occurs.
    • No evidence of conjugate saccades or significant upward rotation (Bell's phenomenon) was found.

    Conclusions:

    • Blink-associated eye movements are rapid, primarily nasalward and downward rotations.
    • These movements serve to reposition the eye towards its primary gaze.
    • The previously believed Bell's phenomenon during blinks is not supported by this evidence.