Drosophila Sgs genes: stage and tissue specificity of hormone responsiveness

The up- and down-regulation of the salivary gland secretion protein (Sgs) genes during the third larval instar of Drosophila melanogaster are controlled by fluctuations of the titre of the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E). Induction of these genes by a low hormone titre is a secondary response to 20E mediated by products of 20E-induced 'early' genes. Surprisingly, in the case of the Sgs-4 gene this response also requires a direct contribution of the 20E-receptor complex. A model is presented which proposes that the Sgs genes, and other 20E-regulated genes with similar temporal expression profiles, are regulated by complex hormone response units. The hormonal signal is effectively transmitted by these response units only after binding of additional factors, e.g. secretion enhancer binding proteins, which act together in a synergistic manner with the 20E receptor and early gene products to establish a stage- and tissue-specific expression pattern.