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Embryonic estrogen receptors: do they have a physiological function?

J Gorski1, Q Hou

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706, USA.

Environmental Health Perspectives
|October 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
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Estrogen receptor (ER) is present in early mouse reproductive tracts and embryos. ER levels increase in female reproductive tracts after sexual differentiation, suggesting a role in development.

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Molecular Endocrinology

Background:

  • Estrogen action in target tissues is mediated by the estrogen receptor (ER).
  • Cellular localization and distribution of ER are crucial for determining sites of estrogen action during development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the cellular localization and tissue distribution of ER in developing mouse reproductive tracts.
  • To examine the expression of ER and progesterone receptor (PR) genes in preimplantation mouse embryos.

Main Methods:

  • Immunocytochemistry was used to detect ER in fetal reproductive tracts.
  • Immunoblotting was employed to detect ER in whole mouse embryos.
  • Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was utilized to analyze ER and PR mRNA expression in preimplantation embryos.

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Main Results:

  • Nuclear ER staining was observed in mouse reproductive tracts from fetal days 13 to 15, present in both male and female precursors.
  • ER levels increased in female reproductive tracts compared to male tracts after sexual differentiation.
  • ER mRNA was detected in oocytes, fertilized eggs, and blastocysts, with varying levels during early cleavage stages.
  • PR mRNA was detected starting at the blastocyst stage.

Conclusions:

  • ER is present in early embryonic reproductive tracts before sexual differentiation.
  • Differential expression of ER in male and female reproductive tracts occurs post-differentiation.
  • The presence of ER and PR mRNA in blastocysts suggests a potential functional role for these receptors in preimplantation embryonic development.