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Studies on laser- and plasma-welded titanium

M Roggensack1, M H Walter, K W Böning

  • 1Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Free University of Berlin, Dental School, Berlin, Germany.

Dental Materials : Official Publication of the Academy of Dental Materials
|March 1, 1993
PubMed
Summary
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Laser welding and plasma welding are suitable for titanium dental prosthetics. Laser welding is preferred due to less heat alteration, though both show similar fatigue strength but differ in fracture location under extreme loads.

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Dental Materials Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Titanium is increasingly important in prosthetic dentistry due to its unique properties.
  • Titanium requires specialized processing compared to traditional dental alloys.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare laser welding and plasma welding for titanium.
  • To evaluate the impact of welding methods on titanium's mechanical properties for dental applications.

Main Methods:

  • Specimens of pure titanium were welded using laser and plasma techniques.
  • Evaluated weld regions using hardness profiles and light microscopy.
  • Assessed mechanical properties via alternating bending fatigue tests up to 3 million cycles.

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Main Results:

  • Plasma welding created a larger heat-affected zone than laser welding.
  • No significant difference in fatigue strength was observed between the two welding methods.
  • Laser-welded joints showed fractures within the weld zone, while plasma-welded specimens fractured outside the heat-affected zone under extreme loads.

Conclusions:

  • Both laser and plasma welding are viable for titanium in dentistry.
  • Laser welding is currently more suitable due to minimal thermal impact on the workpiece.
  • Understanding fracture behavior is crucial for selecting the optimal welding technique.