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Modifiers of the human mucosal immune system
M Gleeson1, A W Cripps, R L Clancy
1Hunter Immunology Unit, Hunter Area Pathology Service, Royal Newcastle Hospital, New South Wales, Australia.
Immunology and Cell Biology
|October 1, 1995
Summary
Saliva is a key indicator of mucosal immunity in humans. Its composition, particularly immunoglobulin levels, is influenced by development, infections, and physiological factors, offering insights into immune health.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Human Physiology
- Developmental Biology
Background:
- Mucosal immunity is crucial for protecting body surfaces.
- Saliva contains various immune components that reflect systemic and local immune status.
- Understanding salivary immune markers aids in assessing immune function and health.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review saliva as a measure of human mucosal immunity.
- To examine factors influencing the development and modulation of mucosal immunity.
- To highlight the roles of different immunoglobulin isotypes in salivary immune responses.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on salivary immunology and mucosal immunity.
- Analysis of factors affecting salivary immunoglobulin levels (IgA, IgM, IgD, IgG).
- Examination of ontogeny, infections, and physiological variables impacting mucosal immune parameters.
Main Results:
- Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the predominant antibody in mucosal secretions, vital for surface protection.
- Immunoglobulin M (IgM) plays an immunoregulatory role, especially during infection or stress.
- Immunoglobulin D (IgD) in neonates suggests a role in early mucosal immune maturation, while IgG levels may indicate increased permeability.
Conclusions:
- Saliva is a valuable, non-invasive tool for monitoring mucosal immunity in humans.
- Early life events and neuroendocrine interactions significantly shape mucosal immune responses.
- Specific immunoglobulin profiles in saliva can indicate immune status and potential health issues.