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Transfusion-transmitted cytomegalovirus: the part-time pathogen

K C Gunter1

  • 1Children's National Medical Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Washington, DC 20010-2970, USA.

Pediatric Pathology & Laboratory Medicine : Journal of the Society for Pediatric Pathology, Affiliated with the International Paediatric Pathology Association
|May 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) poses a risk in blood transfusions, particularly for pediatric patients. This review identifies at-risk groups and discusses strategies to minimize CMV transmission through blood products.

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Area of Science:

  • Transfusion Medicine
  • Virology
  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Viral infections are a known risk associated with blood product transfusions.
  • While human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis viruses are screened, Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is more prevalent in donor units.
  • CMV infection causes disease in only a subset of transfusion recipients, with pediatric patients, especially premature infants, being particularly vulnerable.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify patient populations at highest risk for transfusion-transmitted CMV.
  • To review current methods for detecting CMV in blood donors.
  • To evaluate leuko-depletion techniques for reducing CMV transmission.
  • To provide recommendations for managing transfusion-transmitted CMV risk.

Main Methods:

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  • Literature review focusing on transfusion-transmitted Cytomegalovirus.
  • Analysis of patient risk factors for CMV disease post-transfusion.
  • Evaluation of diagnostic methods for CMV in blood donors.
  • Assessment of leuko-depletion efficacy in reducing CMV.
  • Synthesis of current guidelines and recommendations.

Main Results:

  • Specific pediatric populations, including premature infants, are identified as high-risk for transfusion-transmitted CMV.
  • Various methods exist for CMV detection in blood donors, with varying sensitivities and specificities.
  • Leuko-depletion effectively reduces CMV transmission, but complete elimination is challenging.
  • Recommendations are provided for targeted use of low-risk CMV blood products.

Conclusions:

  • Transfusion-transmitted Cytomegalovirus is a significant concern, especially in immunocompromised and pediatric populations.
  • Effective donor screening and leuko-depletion strategies are crucial for mitigating CMV transmission.
  • Targeted interventions are necessary to protect vulnerable patients from transfusion-associated CMV disease.