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Related Experiment Videos

Sickle cell disease: a diagnostic dilemma

K Bishop1, P Briggs, M Kelleher

  • 1Charles Clifford Dental Hospital, Sheffield, UK.

International Endodontic Journal
|November 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Sickle cell anaemia can cause mandible infarction and tooth necrosis following a crisis. This case highlights diagnostic and management challenges for dental professionals treating such patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
  • Dental Medicine

Background:

  • Sickle cell anaemia is a genetic blood disorder characterized by abnormal hemoglobin.
  • Sickle cell crises can lead to vaso-occlusion and tissue infarction in various organs.
  • The mandible is a potential site for infarction during sickle cell crises.

Observation:

  • A patient with sickle cell anaemia experienced a unilateral mandibular infarct post-crisis.
  • This resulted in inferior dental nerve anesthesia and pulpal necrosis of premolar and molar teeth.
  • The affected teeth were previously sound, indicating infarction as the primary cause.

Findings:

  • Vascular compromise in the mandible led to neurological deficit (anesthesia) and dental pathology (necrosis).
  • The infarct affected the inferior dental nerve, impacting sensation and tooth vitality.
  • Pulpal necrosis occurred in otherwise healthy teeth due to interrupted blood supply.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of considering sickle cell crises in the differential diagnosis of mandibular pathology.
  • Dental management requires careful consideration of the underlying hematological condition and potential complications.
  • Further research into preventative and therapeutic strategies for oral complications in sickle cell disease is warranted.

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