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Baculovirus replication alters hormone-regulated host development

E J Park1, C M Yin, J P Burand

  • 1Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, 01003, USA.

The Journal of General Virology
|March 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary
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Lymantria dispar nuclear polyhedrosis virus disrupts insect development by altering hormone levels. Virus-infected larvae show higher ecdysteroids, the insect moulting hormone, due to increased synthesis by the prothoracic gland.

Area of Science:

  • Insect Pathology
  • Molecular Entomology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Baculoviruses are insect pathogens that can alter host development.
  • Insect development is regulated by hormones, primarily ecdysteroids.
  • The Lymantria dispar nuclear polyhedrosis virus (LdNPV) is known to affect host development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of LdNPV infection on insect larval development and hormonal regulation.
  • To determine the impact of the virus on ecdysteroid levels and synthesis in Lymantria dispar larvae.
  • To explore the role of viral enzymes in modulating the host's hormonal system.

Main Methods:

  • Quantification of haemolymph ecdysteroids in virus-infected and control larvae.
  • In vitro incubation of prothoracic glands from infected and control larvae to assess hormone synthesis rates.

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  • Morphological and ultrastructural examination of the prothoracic gland during virus infection.

    • Main Results:

    • Virus-infected larvae exhibited significantly higher haemolymph ecdysteroid levels compared to uninfected controls.
    • The prothoracic gland of infected larvae showed increased ecdysone synthesis rates and maintained activity later in development.
    • The prothoracic gland retained characteristics indicative of ecdysone biosynthesis even during advanced stages of viral replication.

    Conclusions:

    • LdNPV infection disrupts the normal hormonal regulation of insect development in Lymantria dispar.
    • The elevated ecdysteroid levels and synthesis are likely mediated by the virus-encoded enzyme ecdysteroid UDP-glucosyl transferase (EGT).
    • EGT activity is proposed to inactivate ecdysteroids through sugar conjugation, leading to altered hormone titers and developmental disruption.