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Hospital-acquired acute renal failure in dogs: 29 cases (1983-1992)
E N Behrend1, G F Grauer, I Mani
1Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523, USA.
Objective:
To assess factors associated with development of hospital-acquired acute renal failure (HARF) and to determine outcome of and prognostic indicators for dogs with HARF.
Design:
Retrospective case series.
Animals:
29 dogs.
Results:
The most common inciting causes for developments of HARF were exposure to a nephrotoxicant and advanced age. Mortality was 62%, and factors that contributed to mortality were age and initial urine output. Dogs > or = 7 years old and dogs that were initially oliguric had an odds ratio of mortality of 8.8 and 20, respectively. The effect of preexisting heart disease on mortality approached significance (P = 0.053). The magnitude of azotemia at the time of diagnosis was not related to the chance for survival. Dogs that died had a significantly higher initial anion gap and serum phosphorus concentration than did dogs that survived. We did not detect a relationship between cause of HARF and outcome (survived vs died or euthanatized).
Clinical Implications:
In most cases, HARF is associated with a poor outcome. Older dogs may be at increased risk for development of HARF, and once HARF has developed, have a greater chance of dying. Prognosis can not be determined on the magnitude of azotemia at the time of diagnosis or on the inciting cause of HARF.