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Overview of perinatally transmitted HIV infection
1School of Nursing, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, USA.
Insights
Advances in pediatric acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) diagnosis and treatment have been significant over 12 years. This review covers pediatric HIV prevention, perinatal transmission, and care strategies for affected children globally.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- Over 12 years, significant progress has been made in recognizing, diagnosing, and treating pediatric acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
- While the United States has reported cases, the pandemic's greatest impact is in Africa and Asia, primarily through heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
Purpose of the Study:
- To review advances in pediatric HIV/AIDS care.
- To discuss prevention, diagnosis, and treatment strategies for children with HIV.
- To highlight global disparities in the pediatric AIDS pandemic.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of advances in pediatric HIV/AIDS over the past 12 years.
- Analysis of epidemiological data on pediatric HIV/AIDS cases.
- Synthesis of current approaches to prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and care.
Main Results:
- Significant improvements in the recognition, diagnosis, and treatment of pediatric HIV/AIDS.
- Understanding of perinatal HIV transmission has advanced.
- Global disparities in disease impact and access to care are evident, with Africa and Asia most affected.
Conclusions:
- Continued advances in pediatric HIV/AIDS management are crucial.
- Prevention of mother-to-child transmission remains a key focus.
- Comprehensive care approaches are essential for children living with HIV worldwide.
Abstract:
Over the past 12 years there have been many advances in the recognition, diagnosis, and treatment of pediatric AIDS as well as the unfolding of a pandemic that is a worldwide concern. Whereas in the United States 1100 cases of pediatric HIV and more than 6000 cases of pediatric AIDS have been reported, the greatest devastation by this disease is occurring in Africa and Asia, where heterosexual transmission of HIV is the most common means of infection. This article discusses prevention of pediatric HIV, major diagnostic and treatment advances, understanding perinatal transmission, and approaches to caring for the child with HIV.