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Microsatellite instability in primary and metastatic lung carcinomas
J Adachi1, M Shiseki, T Okazaki
1Biology Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.
Genes, Chromosomes & Cancer
|December 1, 1995
Summary
Microsatellite instability is common in non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC) but absent in small cell lung carcinomas (SCLC). Genomic instability increases with NSCLC progression, suggesting a role in developing more malignant phenotypes.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Genetics
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Microsatellite instability (MSI) is a known biomarker in various cancers.
- Understanding MSI in lung carcinoma subtypes is crucial for diagnosis and treatment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the prevalence and significance of microsatellite instability (MSI) in primary and metastatic lung carcinomas.
- To compare MSI rates between small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) and non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC).
Main Methods:
- Analysis of microsatellite instability (MSI) at 11 chromosomal loci in 57 primary and 35 metastatic lung tumors.
- Comparison of MSI incidence in different lung cancer subtypes (SCLC vs. NSCLC) and stages.
- Correlation of MSI with tumor progression and specific chromosomal allelic losses.
Main Results:
- MSI was frequently detected in non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC) (29%) but not in small cell lung carcinomas (SCLC).
- Replication errors (RERs) were significantly higher in metastatic NSCLC (55%) compared to primary NSCLC (12%).
- MSI was more prevalent in advanced stage (III/IV) NSCLC and associated with allelic losses on chromosomes 3p and 18q.
Conclusions:
- Microsatellite instability is a hallmark of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), not small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC).
- Genomic instability, indicated by RERs, appears late in NSCLC progression.
- MSI likely contributes to the development of more aggressive phenotypes in NSCLC.