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Smoking and breastfeeding status

P D Hill1, J C Aldag

  • 1College of Nursing, University of Illinois, Chicago, USA.

Research in Nursing & Health
|April 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

Cigarette smoking is linked to earlier breastfeeding cessation in mothers. Smokers were more likely to stop breastfeeding early, often citing insufficient milk, compared to non-smokers.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Maternal and Child Health
  • Lactation Studies

Background:

  • Breastfeeding is crucial for infant health, but various factors can influence its duration.
  • Cigarette smoking is a known risk factor for adverse health outcomes, and its impact on lactation warrants investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the relationship between cigarette smoking, demographic variables, and breastfeeding status at 8 weeks postpartum.
  • To compare breastfeeding patterns in mothers of term infants versus mothers of low-birth-weight (LBW) infants.

Main Methods:

  • Multivariate analysis was employed to assess data from 400 mothers of term infants and 110 mothers of LBW infants.
  • Breastfeeding status at 8 weeks postpartum was the primary outcome measure.

Main Results:

  • Women who smoked were significantly more likely to terminate breastfeeding early in both term and LBW infant groups.
  • In the term infant group, older and married mothers were more likely to breastfeed at 8 weeks.
  • In the LBW infant group, employed mothers were less likely to breastfeed at 8 weeks compared to unemployed mothers.
  • Insufficient milk was a more frequently cited reason for reduced breastfeeding among smokers in both samples.

Conclusions:

  • Cigarette smoking is a significant factor associated with early breastfeeding cessation.
  • Demographic factors like maternal age, marital status, and employment status also influence breastfeeding duration.
  • Further research is recommended to explore the specific mechanisms by which smoking affects lactation and perceived milk supply.

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