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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 29, 2026

Methods for Quantitative Detection of Antibody-induced Complement Activation on Red Blood Cells

Methods for Quantitative Detection of Antibody-induced Complement Activation on Red Blood Cells

Published on: January 29, 2014

Extrahepatic secreted complement C3 contributes to circulating C3 levels in humans

M A Naughton¹, M Botto, M J Carter

¹Rheumatology Unit, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom.

Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)

|April 15, 1996

Summary

Extrahepatic production of complement protein C3 contributes more to circulating levels than previously thought. Monocytes can significantly increase C3 production when stimulated, highlighting the importance of local complement protein secretion.

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Complement System Biology

Background:

The liver is the primary source of complement protein C3, but other cells also produce it.
The contribution of extrahepatic C3 production to total circulating levels is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To quantify bone marrow and extrahepatic C3 production.
To determine the source and contribution of extrahepatically derived C3 to systemic levels.

Main Methods:

Utilized bone marrow transplant (BMT) and liver transplant (LT) recipients with C3 allotype mismatches.
Employed ELISA, immunoblotting, cell culture, and immunostaining techniques.
Quantified donor-derived C3 and extrahepatic C3 levels.

Main Results:

In BMT recipients, donor-derived C3 (from monocytes) accounted for 0.1-2.6% of total C3 post-transplant, decreasing over time.
In LT recipients, extrahepatic C3 constituted a stable 3.1-5.7% of total C3 for up to a year.
Nonmyeloid sources were the primary contributors to resting extrahepatic C3.

Conclusions:

Extrahepatic C3 production represents a significant portion of circulating C3 levels.
Monocytes, though minor contributors at rest, can substantially increase C3 production upon stimulation.
Local secretion of complement proteins plays a crucial role in systemic C3 homeostasis.