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Topographic amnesia: spatial memory disorder, perceptual dysfunction, or category specific semantic memory

R A McCarthy1, J J Evans, J R Hodges

  • 1Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, UK.

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry
|March 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

A patient with herpes simplex encephalitis developed a specific impairment in recognizing places, demonstrating a category-specific semantic memory deficit affecting knowledge of famous buildings and landmarks.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Herpes simplex encephalitis can cause focal brain lesions.
  • Semantic memory impairments can manifest in various forms, affecting different categories of knowledge.

Observation:

  • A 60-year-old patient (SE) with right temporal lobe damage from herpes simplex encephalitis exhibited severe difficulties with place recognition.
  • SE had normal spatial learning but impaired recognition of buildings and landmarks, both visually and when presented by name.

Findings:

  • The patient's deficit was category-specific, affecting place knowledge but not facial recognition (prosopagnosia).
  • This impairment was supramodal, impacting recognition regardless of whether the input was visual or auditory.
  • Recognition of people was preserved, contrasting with the profound place recognition deficit.

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Implications:

  • This case highlights a category-specific, supramodal semantic memory impairment affecting knowledge of places.
  • It suggests distinct neural substrates for semantic knowledge of people versus places.
  • Understanding such dissociations advances our knowledge of semantic memory organization and brain function.