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AIDS and cerebrovascular disease

A N Pinto1

  • 1Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore, USA.

Stroke
|March 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) is rarely reported in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Limited data suggest a low incidence of stroke in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients, necessitating further research.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Neurological complications are common in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
  • Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) is infrequently reported in HIV/AIDS patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing literature on the association between stroke and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

Main Methods:

  • MEDLINE search (mid-1976 to December 1994) using keywords: AIDS, CVD, HIV-1.
  • Included clinical stroke reports and autopsy series in HIV-infected individuals.
  • Analyzed study type, population, stroke characteristics, and associated AIDS conditions.

Main Results:

  • Reviewed 6 clinical and 11 autopsy series, totaling 1885 cases.
  • Neurological complications occurred in 40% of cases, with stroke syndrome in only 1.3%.
  • Ischemic infarcts (due to endocarditis or infections) were more common than hemorrhages (associated with thrombocytopenia, lymphoma, Kaposi's sarcoma).
  • Autopsy CVD findings often did not correlate with clinical stroke.
  • Insufficient data to determine AIDS risk factors' role in CVD.

Conclusions:

  • The association between AIDS and stroke remains unclear due to data limitations.
  • Further research is required to establish the epidemiology of CVD in AIDS patients.

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