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Bone allograft banking in South Australia
1University Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia.
The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Surgery
|December 1, 1995
Summary
The South Australian Bone Bank safely processed 2361 bone allografts from 1988-1992. Rigorous screening and an aggressive discard policy ensured a low incidence of infectious diseases, including HIV, in donated bone grafts.
Area of Science:
- Orthopedics
- Transplantation Immunology
- Public Health
Background:
- Bone allografts are crucial for reconstructive surgery.
- The South Australian Bone Bank experienced increased demand for allografts.
- Ensuring allograft safety is paramount in transplantation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the safety and efficacy of bone allografts processed by the South Australian Bone Bank.
- To assess the incidence of infectious diseases in bone donors.
- To determine the rate of graft rejection and its causes.
Main Methods:
- Harvesting and screening of 2361 allografts from living and cadaveric donors (1988-1992).
- Donor screening included social history, serological tests (HIV-1, HIV-2, Hepatitis B/C, syphilis), microbiology, and histology.
- Graft irradiation with 25 kGy and an aggressive discard policy were implemented.
Main Results:
- 336 out of 2361 donated grafts were rejected.
- One donor tested HIV-positive; two had false positive screens.
- Infectious disease rates (Hepatitis B/C, syphilis) were low, and graft rejection frequency was comparable to other bone banks.
Conclusions:
- Bone transplantation is a frequent procedure in South Australia.
- Rigorous donor screening and discard policies ensure the safety of bone allografts.
- The bone bank achieved a low incidence of infectious viral diseases in its donor population.