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Truncus arteriosus repair: influence of techniques of right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction
F Lacour-Gayet1, A Serraf, T Komiya
1Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Marie Lannelongue Hospital, Paris, France.
Insights
Anatomic pulmonary valve reconstruction and older age improve outcomes for truncus arteriosus repair. Preserving the truncal valve is feasible, but nonanatomic techniques and early age increase mortality risk.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Surgery
- Pediatric Cardiology
- Congenital Heart Disease
Background:
- Truncus arteriosus is a complex cyanotic congenital heart defect requiring surgical correction.
- Early surgical intervention is crucial for improving survival rates in infants with truncus arteriosus.
- The truncal valve and coronary ostia require careful management during surgical repair.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the outcomes of total correction of truncus arteriosus.
- To identify risk factors influencing hospital mortality and long-term reoperation rates.
- To assess the impact of different pulmonary reconstruction techniques and patient age on surgical results.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 56 consecutive patients undergoing total correction of truncus arteriosus.
- Detailed review of surgical techniques, including truncal valve preservation and various pulmonary reconstruction methods (anatomic vs. nonanatomic).
- Multivariate analysis to identify independent risk factors for hospital death and actuarial analysis for freedom from reoperation.
Main Results:
- Hospital mortality was 16%, with nonanatomic pulmonary reconstruction (43% mortality) and age < 1 month (33% mortality) identified as independent risk factors.
- Anatomic pulmonary reconstruction had significantly lower mortality (7.1%) compared to nonanatomic techniques (p=0.015).
- Actuarial freedom from reoperation at 7 years was highest for pericardial conduits (100%) and lowest for homografts (43%).
Conclusions:
- Anatomic reconstruction of the pulmonary valve is critical for reducing hospital mortality in truncus arteriosus repair.
- Infants younger than 1 month represent a high-risk group requiring careful consideration.
- Preservation of the truncal valve is achievable and associated with favorable outcomes.
Abstract:
Fifty-six consecutive patients underwent total correction of truncus arteriosus. Median age at repair was 41 days, with a range of 2 days to 8 months. In 71% the operation was done in the first 2 months of life. Nine patients had complex forms of truncus and 11 patients had aortic insufficiency. The truncal aortic root was transected, which provides a clear exposure of the coronary ostia. The aorta was reconstructed by direct end-to-end anastomosis, and the truncal valve was preserved in every case. Several different techniques were used for pulmonary reconstruction, including three types of anatomic reconstruction of the pulmonary valve with a trisigmoid leaflet system and two types of nonanatomic reconstruction. The anatomic techniques included use of 33 Dacron valved conduits, eight homograft valved conduits, and one porcine aortic root bioprosthesis. The nonanatomic reconstructions included direct anastomosis to the right ventricle in nine patients and insertion of autologous pericardial valved conduits in five. The hospital mortality was 16% (9/56; 95% confidence limits, 2% to 30%). Multivariate analysis outlines two independent incremental risk factors for hospital death: nonanatomic pulmonary valve reconstruction techniques and age younger than 1 month. The hospital mortality was 7.1% in the group with anatomic pulmonary valve reconstruction versus 43% in the group with nonanatomic pulmonary valve reconstruction (p = 0.015). The hospital mortality was 5.7% in those older than 1 month versus 33% in those younger than 1 month of age (p = 0.04). There were two late deaths. The actuarial freedom from reoperation and angioplasty at 7 years was 100% for patients receiving pericardial conduits, 80% for those undergoing direct anastomosis, 77% for those receiving Dacron conduits, and only 43% for those receiving homografts (p = 0.02). In conclusion, anatomic reconstruction of the pulmonary valve seems important at the time of the operation, age younger than 1 month remains an incremental risk factor, and the truncal valve can be preserved.