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Assessment of Social Interaction Behaviors
Published on: February 25, 2011
Outward and inward directed aggressiveness: the interaction between violence and suicidality
1Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Mentefiore Medical Center, New York, USA.
Pharmacopsychiatry
|October 1, 1995
Summary
Suicide and violence share many risk and protective factors, suggesting they exist on a continuum. A new model proposes two stages of countervailing forces to explain their relationship.
Area of Science:
- Psychiatry
- Criminology
- Public Health
Background:
- Suicidality and violence are significant public health concerns.
- Over 40 risk factors for suicide and 37 for violence have been identified in existing literature.
- Suicide attempters and completers show more similarities than differences regarding risk factors.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the relationship and interactions between suicidality and violence.
- To identify shared risk and protective factors for both phenomena.
- To propose a theoretical model explaining the connection between suicide and violence.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive review of recent scientific literature on suicide and violence.
- Analysis of identified risk and protective factors for both conditions.
- Development of a theoretical framework, the Two-Stage Model of Countervailing Forces.
Main Results:
- A significant overlap exists between risk factors for suicide and violence, with 23 shared factors identified.
- At least 17 variables function as protective factors, reducing the risk for both suicide and violence.
- Differences between suicide attempters and completers are often a matter of degree rather than kind.
Conclusions:
- Suicidality and violence are closely related, sharing numerous risk and protective factors.
- The identified factors and their interactions support a continuum model for understanding these behaviors.
- The proposed Two-Stage Model of Countervailing Forces provides a systematic framework for analyzing the relationship between suicide and violence.
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