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Mouse models of atherosclerosis
1Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolism, Rockefeller University, New York, 10021, USA.
Abstract:
As a species the mouse is highly resistant to atherosclerosis. However, through induced mutations it has been possible to develop lines of mice that are susceptible to this disease. For example, mice that are deficient in apolipoprotein E, a ligand important in lipoprotein clearance, develop atherosclerotic lesions resembling those observed in humans. These lesions are exacerbated when the mice are fed a high-cholesterol, high-fat, Western-type diet. Other promising models are mice that are deficient in the low density lipoprotein receptor and transgenic mice that express human apolipoprotein B and transdominant mutant forms of apolipoprotein E. These models are now being used to study the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic lesions, as well as the influence of genetics, environment, hormones, and drugs on lesion development.
Insights
Mice resistant to atherosclerosis can be engineered to develop the disease, creating models that mimic human atherosclerosis. These models aid in studying disease development and the impact of various factors on lesion progression.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Science
- Genetics
- Animal Models
Background:
- Mice are naturally resistant to atherosclerosis.
- Induced mutations can create atherosclerosis-susceptible mouse models.
- Atherosclerotic lesions in mice can resemble human disease.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the development and utility of mouse models for atherosclerosis research.
- To highlight genetic and environmental factors influencing lesion development.
Main Methods:
- Genetic modification of mice (e.g., apolipoprotein E deficiency, low-density lipoprotein receptor deficiency).
- Use of Western-type diets to exacerbate lesions.
- Development of transgenic mice expressing human apolipoprotein B or mutant apolipoprotein E.
Main Results:
- Apolipoprotein E-deficient mice develop human-like atherosclerotic lesions.
- High-fat, high-cholesterol diets exacerbate lesions in susceptible mice.
- Various genetically modified mouse models offer distinct advantages for studying atherosclerosis.
Conclusions:
- Genetically modified mice are valuable tools for investigating atherosclerosis pathogenesis.
- These models facilitate research into genetic, environmental, hormonal, and pharmacological influences on disease progression.