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Related Experiment Videos

Dynamic models for sideways falls from standing height

A J van den Kroonenberg1, W C Hayes, T A McMahon

  • 1Charles A. Dana Research Institute, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beth Israel Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering
|August 1, 1995
PubMed
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This study models sideways falls from standing height to estimate hip impact forces. A two-link model best predicted impact velocity and force, showing larger individuals experience greater forces.

Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Injury Prevention
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Hip fracture etiology is increasingly understood through fall mechanics.
  • Previous research has overlooked the detailed kinematics and dynamics of standing height falls.
  • Understanding impact forces is crucial for preventing hip fractures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate the peak impact force on the greater trochanter during a sideways fall from standing height.
  • To analyze the kinematics and dynamics of such falls using biomechanical models.
  • To compare model predictions with experimental data.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a one degree-of-freedom impact model incorporating hip impact velocity, effective mass, and soft tissue stiffness.
  • Utilized three increasingly complex models (point mass, two-link, three-link) to estimate impact velocity and effective mass.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Compared model predictions against experimental data from falls onto a soft surface.

    • Main Results:

    • Predicted hip impact velocities ranged from 2.47 to 4.34 m/s and effective masses from 15.9 to 70.0 kg.
    • Predicted peak impact forces on the greater trochanter ranged from 2.90 kN to 9.99 kN.
    • A two-link model best predicted impact velocity and force, while a three-link model best predicted effective mass.

    Conclusions:

    • The peak impact force for a 5th percentile female was estimated at 2.90 kN and for a 95th percentile female at 4.26 kN.
    • Model predictions confirm that larger body mass correlates with higher impact forces during falls.
    • Accurate biomechanical modeling can improve understanding of fall-related injuries like hip fractures.