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Leukoencephalopathy associated with cobalamin deficiency

A Chatterjee1, R Yapundich, C A Palmer

  • 1Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.

Neurology
|March 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

Cobalamin deficiency can cause cognitive issues and white matter lesions on MRI. Treatment with cobalamin led to partial recovery of both cognitive function and brain abnormalities in a patient.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroimaging
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Cobalamin (vitamin B12) deficiency is known to cause neurological symptoms.
  • Central nervous system manifestations are often attributed to demyelination.
  • Neuroimaging evidence of white matter lesions and their response to treatment are infrequently reported.

Observation:

  • A patient presented with subacute cognitive impairment.
  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed significant confluent white matter abnormalities.
  • A biopsy confirmed the white matter changes.

Findings:

  • The patient's cognitive deficits and MRI abnormalities showed partial resolution following cobalamin replacement therapy.
  • This case highlights a potential link between cobalamin deficiency and leukoencephalopathy.

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Implications:

  • Leukoencephalopathy, even without anemia or myelopathy, should be considered in the differential diagnosis of cobalamin deficiency.
  • Early diagnosis and treatment of cobalamin deficiency may improve neurological outcomes and promote recovery from white matter lesions.