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Stab wounds of the innominate artery
J O Fulton1, M K De Groot, U O von Oppell
1Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
Background:
Innominate artery stab wounds are rarely encountered, and the optimal management of this injury is different from that of blunt innominate injury in that permanent bypass shunting should not be necessary.
Methods:
The records of 19 patients with stab wounds of the innominate artery who were treated by our department from January 1982 to June 1995 were reviewed.
Results:
Eighteen patients (95%) sustained zone 1 neck stabs, with a similar proportion having only a single stab wound. Seventeen (89%) of the 18 patients having chest roentgenograms had mediastinal widening. Thirteen patients (68%) were hemodynamically stable at admission; the remainder were unstable (26%) or moribund (5%). Fourteen patients (74%) underwent angiography, with no false-negative studies for arterial injury. Associated injuries to thoracic viscera occurred in 4 patients (21%). All injuries were repaired with either direct suture (18 of 19) or prosthetic interposition grafting (1 of 19). One patient required cardiopulmonary bypass to repair complex injuries. The overall mortality rate was 5% (1 of 19), and complications occurred in 2 patients (11%).
Conclusions:
Innominate artery stab wounds can be managed successfully without permanent bypass shunting and with a low mortality rate.