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Related Experiment Videos

A late Neanderthal associated with Upper Palaeolithic artefacts

J J Hublin1, F Spoor, M Braun

  • 1Laboratoire d'Anthropologíe, Musée de l'Homme, Paris, France.

Nature
|May 16, 1996
PubMed
Summary

Neanderthal fossils from Arcy-sur-Cure, dated to 34,000 years ago, show they coexisted and interacted with early modern humans in Europe. Derived Neanderthal traits were absent in later modern humans, suggesting no direct lineage.

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Area of Science:

  • Paleoanthropology
  • Archaeology
  • European Prehistory

Background:

  • The Arcy-sur-Cure site is crucial for understanding the Middle-Upper Paleolithic transition in Europe.
  • Previous hominid fossil attributions from this site, associated with the Châtelperronian industry, were uncertain.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conclusively identify hominid fossils from the Arcy-sur-Cure site.
  • To determine the relationship between Neanderthals and early modern humans during the Paleolithic transition.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of newly discovered derived features of the bony labyrinth in a fossil specimen.
  • Radiometric dating of the fossil to approximately 34,000 years ago.

Main Results:

  • The fossil was conclusively identified as Neanderthal, representing one of the youngest known Neanderthal populations.

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  • The archaeological context revealed the use of bone industry and personal ornaments by these Neanderthals.
  • Derived Neanderthal traits were absent in later Upper Paleolithic modern human specimens from Western Europe.
  • Conclusions:

    • The findings support long-term coexistence and technocultural interactions between Neanderthals and early modern humans in Europe.
    • The absence of Neanderthal traits in later modern humans argues against direct phylogenetic continuity in this region.