Complete sequence of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus subtype IE reveals conserved and hypervariable domains...

The complete nuleotide and predicted amino acid sequences of Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus subtype IE (isolate 68U201) were determined and compared to those of other antigenic variants within the VEE complex, strains IAB-TrD, IC-P676, ID-3880, IE-Menall, and II-Fe3-7c. The 68U201 structural proteins were most closely related to their Menall counterparts (97--100% identity) and more distantly related to VEE strains of other antigenic varieties (83--93% identity). With the exception of nsP3, the 68U201 nonstructural proteins were 94--95% identical to those of TrD, P676, and 3880 (nonstructural gene sequences are not available for Menall and Fe3-7c). The amino-terminal region of nsP3 (aa 1--329), which is highly conserved among all alphaviruses, was 93--94% identical for all VEE strains. The nsP3 carboxyl region is highly divergent among alphaviruses in general, but well conserved among previously sequenced VEE strains (>90% identity). Surprisingly, the carboxyl region of 68U201 nsP3 (aa 330--563) was only 59--61% identical to that of subtype IAB, IC, and ID viruses, with large insertions and deletions in addition to numerous substitutions. The differences between the 68U201 and other VEE nsP3 carboxyl regions were not randomly distributed, as there were four domains of high similarity within the nonconserved region. To examine this divergence more closely, we sequenced a portion of the Menall ns3 gene. The 68U201 and Menall nsP3 nonconserved regions were 85.3% identical and had the same basic domain structure, which was distinct from the IAB, IC, and ID nsP3 proteins, suggesting that the domain structure of nsP3 may be subtype/variety-specific. VEE nsP3 sequence diversity may reflect ecological differences such as adaptation to different mosquito vectors or vertebrate hosts.