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Etiology of rickets in Nigerian children

L M Oginni1, M Worsfold, O A Oyelami

  • 1Department of Orthopaedics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.

Insights

Nigerian children with active rickets show elevated vitamin D levels, suggesting calcium deficiency is the primary cause. Vitamin D deficiency and potential end-organ resistance may also contribute to rickets in this population.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Nutritional Science
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Rickets is a significant pediatric skeletal disorder characterized by impaired bone mineralization.
  • Understanding the specific etiologies of rickets in different geographic regions is crucial for effective public health interventions.
  • Previous studies on rickets in Nigeria have indicated various contributing factors, necessitating further investigation into biochemical markers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the biochemical profile of Nigerian children diagnosed with active rickets.
  • To compare vitamin D metabolite levels in children with rickets against healthy controls.
  • To elucidate the primary etiological factors, including calcium and vitamin D status, contributing to rickets in Nigerian children.

Main Methods:

  • Biochemical analysis of plasma samples from 26 Nigerian children (aged 1-5 years) with active rickets.
  • Comparison of plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels with those of age-matched healthy control subjects.
  • Statistical analysis to determine significant differences in metabolite levels between the rickets and control groups.

Main Results:

  • Children with rickets exhibited significantly elevated plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels (568 +/- 317 pmol/L) compared to controls (369 +/- 134 nmol/L).
  • Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were lower in children with rickets (36 +/- 28 nmol/L) than in controls (69 +/- 22 nmol/L).
  • The observed biochemical profile suggests a complex interplay of factors in the pathogenesis of rickets.

Conclusions:

  • Rickets in Nigerian children appears to be predominantly caused by calcium deficiency.
  • Vitamin D deficiency is a likely contributing factor to the development of rickets.
  • Potential end-organ resistance to vitamin D may also play a role in the observed cases of rickets.

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