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The centromere: kinetochore complex

B K Vig1

  • 1Department of Biology/314, University of Nevada, Reno 89557-0015, USA.

The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health
|January 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
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Centromere separation during cell division follows a specific sequence, influenced by DNA replication timing. Diverse DNA sequences at centromeres suggest a protein factor, not DNA, dictates their function.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Centromeres separate sequentially during meta-anaphase, a process linked to DNA replication timing.
  • Dicentric chromosomes in cell cultures and newborns have inactive centromeres that don't sequence separation.
  • The function of dicentric chromosome segregation depends on centromere microtubule binding and functionality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the non-random sequential separation of centromeres during cell division.
  • To explore the role of DNA composition versus stereophysical properties in centromere function.
  • To understand the diversity of centromeric DNA sequences across species.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of centromeric DNA sequences in various species (human, ape, mouse, rat, pig, fish, Chinese hamster).

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  • Examination of dicentric chromosomes in long-term cultures and newborn humans.
  • Review of existing literature on centromere proteins (CENPs) and kinetochore structure.

    • Main Results:

    • Human and ape centromeres share a 171 bp alphoid sequence with a CENP-B 'box'.
    • Mouse centromeres contain minor satellite DNA with a CENP-B 'box'.
    • Other species have diverse centromeric sequences and may lack the CENP-B 'box' despite ubiquitous CENP-B antigen presence.

    Conclusions:

    • The diverse DNA sequences at centromeres may not be the primary determinant of their function.
    • A stereophysical property, such as curvature, and a specific proteinaceous factor might govern centromere behavior.
    • The CENP protein complex is distinct from the trilamellar kinetochore structure observed electron microscopically.