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[Study on the efficacy of genetically engineered vaccines against hepatitis B for interruption of perinatal
Insights
Newborns from hepatitis B-positive mothers face high infection risk. A combination vaccine with HBIG significantly boosted protection, preventing all infections in a clinical study.
Area of Science:
- Hepatology
- Immunology
- Vaccinology
Background:
- High perinatal transmission of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) occurs in newborns from HBsAG(+), HBeAg(+), and anti-HBc(+) mothers, with an 85% infectivity rate.
- Effective immunization strategies are crucial to prevent HBV infection in high-risk neonates.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the efficacy of different hepatitis B vaccination regimens in preventing perinatal HBV transmission.
- To compare the immunogenicity and protective rates of recombinant DNA vaccinia vaccines, genetic engineering vaccines, and a combination of genetic engineering vaccines with Hepatitis B Immune Globulin (HBIG).
Main Methods:
- 142 high-risk newborns were divided into three groups.
- Group 1 (n=57): Received 20 micrograms recombinant DNA vaccinia vaccine at birth, 1 month, and 6 months.
- Group 2 (n=41): Received 20 micrograms genetic engineering vaccine at the same intervals.
- Group 3 (n=44): Received 10 micrograms genetic engineering vaccine plus HBIG (1ml, 200 U/ml) at the same intervals.
- Immune protection and anti-HBs positive conversion rates were assessed.
Main Results:
- Immune protection rates were 88.2% (Group 1), 85.9% (Group 2), and 100% (Group 3).
- Anti-HBs positive conversion rates were 82% (Group 1), 86% (Group 2), and 98% (Group 3).
- Group 3 demonstrated statistically significant superior protection (P < 0.05) and achieved 100% protection with no infections among the 44 infants.
Conclusions:
- The immunization program combining genetic engineering vaccines with HBIG (Group 3) was superior to vaccination alone.
- Genetic engineering vaccines showed higher efficacy than blood-derived vaccines.
- This combined vaccine strategy is highly effective in interrupting perinatal transmission of HBV.
Abstract:
The infectivity rate of newborn babies who had been borne from HBsAG(+), HBeAg(+) and anti-HBc(+) mothers was very high (85%). 142 babies born in the hospital were divided into three groups, in this study. In the group 1, 57 babies were inoculated with 20 micrograms recombinant DNA vaccinia vaccines against hepatitis B. The injections were given at newborn, 1 month, and 6 months, respectively. In group 2, 41 babies were inoculated with 20 micrograms genetic engineering vaccines against hepatitis B at same time were intervals as group 1. In group 3, 44 newborn babies were inoculated with 10 micrograms as same vaccines as group 2 HBIG plus 1ml (200 U/ml), at same time intervals as group 1. The immune pretection rates of newborn babies in three groups were 88.2%, 85.9% and 100%, respectively. The anti-HBs pasitive conversion rates were 82%, 86% and 98%, respectively. The group 3 was compared with group 1 and 2. Statistical analysis showed the significant differences (P < 0.05). The result showed the immune program of group 3 was superior to that of group 1 and 2, and none of the 44 babies in group 3 were infected. The efficacy of immunization by genetic engineering vaccines were superior to that of blood-derived vaccine. The genetic engineering vaccines against hepatitis B would be more useful for interruption of perinatal transmission of HBV.