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Related Concept Videos

Psychosis and Antipsychotic Drugs: Overview01:28

Psychosis and Antipsychotic Drugs: Overview

The term "psychosis" refers to a spectrum of mental disorders characterized by abnormal thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors. It can manifest as mood disorders, dementia, delirium with psychotic features, substance-induced psychosis with psychotic features, brief psychotic disorder, delusional disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and schizophrenia. Among all these disorders, schizophrenia is the most common psychotic disorder, affecting 1% of the worldwide population. Psychotic symptoms in all...
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Antipsychotic drugs are a crucial treatment method for acute and chronic psychoses, bipolar illness, and behavioral disorders. The selection of these drugs depends on several factors, including the state of the disease, clinical judgment, possible drug interactions, and the patient's sensitivity to adverse effects. In immediate scenarios, such as delirium and dementia, short-term treatment with low doses of high-potency typical or atypical agents can effectively manage symptom exacerbation. For...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 29, 2026

MRI-guided dmPFC-rTMS as a Treatment for Treatment-resistant Major Depressive Disorder
08:20

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Published on: August 11, 2015

Clozapine for treatment-refractory mania

J R Calabrese1, S E Kimmel, M J Woyshville

  • 1Mood Disorders Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.

The American Journal of Psychiatry
|June 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

Clozapine effectively treated treatment-resistant mania in patients with bipolar or schizoaffective disorder. A significant majority showed marked improvement, indicating clozapine

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Treatment-resistant mania poses a significant clinical challenge.
  • Existing treatments like lithium, anticonvulsants, and neuroleptics are often ineffective or poorly tolerated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of clozapine monotherapy in patients with treatment-resistant mania.
  • To assess clozapine's effectiveness in individuals with bipolar disorder and schizoaffective disorder-bipolar subtype.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective trial involving 25 acutely manic patients.
  • Patients underwent a 7-day washout period before receiving clozapine monotherapy.
  • Efficacy was assessed over 13 weeks using the Young Mania Rating Scale and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS).

Main Results:

  • 18 out of 25 patients (72%) showed marked improvement on the Young Mania Rating Scale.
  • Eight patients (32%) demonstrated marked improvement on the BPRS.
  • Bipolar patients and non-rapid cyclers showed significantly greater improvement in BPRS scores compared to schizoaffective patients and rapid cyclers, respectively.

Conclusions:

  • Clozapine demonstrates significant efficacy as a treatment for resistant mania.
  • The findings support clozapine's role in managing complex cases of bipolar and schizoaffective mania.