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Infectious disease emergencies in disasters

M J Howard1, J C Brillman, F M Burkle

  • 1Department of Emergency Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, USA.

Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America
|May 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary

Disasters disrupt infection control, introduce new pathogens, and displace populations, increasing infection risks. This review details infectious disease surveillance and disaster team strategies to mitigate these threats.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Disaster Medicine

Background:

  • Disasters significantly impact public health by disrupting established infection control mechanisms.
  • Emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases pose substantial risks during and after disaster events.
  • Population displacement following disasters can lead to increased transmission of communicable diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the multifaceted relationship between various types of disasters and the subsequent risk of infectious diseases.
  • To identify the primary pathways through which disasters facilitate infection outbreaks.
  • To outline essential components for effective infectious disease surveillance and disaster response teams.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on infections in disaster settings.

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  • Analysis of infection control breakdown, pathogen emergence, and population movement factors.
  • Description of infectious disease surveillance systems and disaster team functionalities.

    • Main Results:

    • Infections arise from compromised infection control, novel pathogen introduction, and population displacement into vulnerable areas.
    • Effective infectious disease surveillance is critical for early detection of outbreaks post-disaster.
    • Well-coordinated disaster response teams are essential for managing health crises.

    Conclusions:

    • Disasters create a complex environment conducive to infectious disease spread.
    • Robust surveillance and rapid, organized response are key to mitigating infection risks associated with disasters.
    • Interdisciplinary collaboration is vital for preparedness and response to infectious threats in disaster scenarios.