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Markers of failure to thrive among older hip fracture patients
K M Fox1, W G Hawkes, J Magaziner
1Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.
Objectives:
To determine whether there is a group of recent hip fracture patients who exhibit the signs of failure to thrive and to identify potential precursors to their decline in physical functioning.
Design:
Prospective (nonintervention) study of hip fracture recovery; patients were assessed in the hospital and at 2, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months post-fracture.
Setting:
Hip fracture patients admitted to one of eight Baltimore area hospitals from the community with a new fracture of the proximal femur between January 1, 1990, and June 15, 1991.
Participants:
Patients were 65 years of age and older and lived in the community before the fracture. A total of 804 patients were eligible for the study; the present study analyses were restricted to the 252 patients who survived 1 year and had a self-report assessment at 6 and 12 months post-fracture.
Measurements:
A questionnaire administered during hospitalization assessed pre-fracture functional and health status and current affective and cognitive status. In-home interviews post-fracture ascertained dependence and difficulty with physical and instrumental activities of daily living. Abstraction of the medical records provided information about comorbidities, surgical procedure, and hospital length of stay.
Results:
Patients who declined in ability to walk from 6 to 12 months post-fracture had greater use of health resources (more hospitalizations) and poorer physical functioning up to 2 years post-fracture. Impaired function in physical activities of daily living at 6 months, high glucose, calcium, and CO2 at admission, and low BUN and creatinine at admission were more prevalent among decliners than among non-decliners.
Conclusions:
Findings indicate that certain older hip fracture patients begin to exhibit signs and symptoms of failure to thrive. About 10% of patients who survived at least 1 year after fracture could not retain their recovery level of functioning after 6 months and began to decline further. High glucose and CO2 and low BUN and creatinine on hospital admission were associated with later functional decline among hip fracture patients, but their clinical significance is uncertain.