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Ejaculation increases the serum prostate-specific antigen concentration

M B Tchetgen1, J T Song, M Strawderman

  • 1Michigan Prostate Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, USA.

Urology
|April 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary
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Ejaculation significantly elevates serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in men aged 49-79, with levels potentially remaining high for up to 48 hours. It is recommended to abstain from ejaculation for 48 hours before a PSA test.

Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Andrology
  • Clinical Chemistry

Background:

  • Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a key biomarker for prostate cancer screening.
  • Understanding factors influencing PSA levels is crucial for accurate diagnosis.
  • Ejaculation is a physiological event that may affect serum PSA concentrations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of ejaculation on serum PSA levels in men at risk for prostate cancer.
  • To determine the duration for PSA levels to return to baseline post-ejaculation.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective community-based study involving 64 men aged 49-79.
  • Serum PSA was measured immediately before ejaculation and at 1, 6, 24, and 48 hours post-ejaculation.
  • PSA levels were monitored until they returned to baseline, with follow-up to 1 week if necessary.

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Main Results:

  • Ejaculation led to a significant increase in serum PSA in 87% of participants.
  • Mean absolute PSA increase 1 hour post-ejaculation was 0.8 ng/mL, with statistically significant changes up to 24 hours.
  • PSA levels returned to baseline in 92% of subjects by 24 hours and 97% by 48 hours.
  • Changes in PSA correlated significantly with baseline PSA and patient age.

Conclusions:

  • Ejaculation causes a significant, temporary rise in serum PSA concentration in men aged 49-79.
  • This elevation can persist for up to 48 hours and correlates with age and baseline PSA.
  • Abstinence from ejaculation for 48 hours before PSA testing is recommended for accurate results.