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Primary peritonitis in children

C P Kimber1, J M Hutson

  • 1Department of General Surgery, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Surgery
|March 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary
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Primary peritonitis remains uncommon in children, with incidence unchanged since 1970. This condition predominantly affects females without a clear cause, while males typically have underlying medical issues.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Abdominal Medicine

Background:

  • Primary peritonitis is a rare cause of acute abdomen in children.
  • Often diagnosed during surgery for appendicitis or via paracentesis in medically compromised children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the experience with primary peritonitis at a children's hospital over 5 years.
  • To compare current findings with a series from 25 years prior.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of pediatric primary peritonitis cases.
  • Comparison of incidence and patient demographics over two time periods.

Main Results:

  • 26 cases identified between 1989-1994, with 85% female patients.

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  • 23% of patients had significant underlying medical disorders.
  • Incidence remained stable at 4.7 cases per year; neonatal cases are no longer observed.

    • Conclusions:

    • Primary peritonitis incidence is stable, but neonatal cases have disappeared.
    • Female cases often lack clear etiology, suggesting genital tract transmission.
    • Male cases are rare and linked to underlying conditions like alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency and renal disease.