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Chemical burns

R C Cartotto1, W J Peters, P C Neligan

  • 1Burn Unit, Hotel Dieu Hospital, Kingston, Ont.

Canadian Journal of Surgery. Journal Canadien De Chirurgie
|June 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary
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Managing chemical burns requires prompt removal of the offending agent and copious irrigation. This study highlights key principles for treating chemical burn injuries, emphasizing individualized care and managing potential complications.

Area of Science:

  • Chemical burn management
  • Toxicology
  • Burn care

Background:

  • Chemical burns are a significant cause of injury, often resulting from workplace accidents.
  • Effective management is crucial to minimize morbidity and mortality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail a burn unit's experience with chemical burns.
  • To outline fundamental principles for managing chemical burn injuries.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective chart review of 24 patients with chemical burns admitted over 8 years.
  • Analysis of burn center data from a major university-affiliated hospital.

Main Results:

  • Chemical burns constituted 2.6% of all burn admissions.
  • Commonly involved chemicals included hydrofluoric acid, sulfuric acid, and phenol.

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  • Fourteen patients required surgical intervention (excision and skin grafting).
  • Frequent complications included ocular contact, wound infections, and systemic toxicity.
  • One fatality occurred due to extensive scald burns from a chemical agent.

    • Conclusions:

    • Key management principles include immediate decontamination, copious irrigation, and careful assessment of injury extent.
    • Addressing systemic toxicity, ocular involvement, and inhalation injury is critical.
    • Individualized treatment plans are essential for optimal outcomes in chemical burn patients.