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H-Y antigens

U Müller1

  • 1Institut für Humangenetik, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Germany. ulrich.mueller@humangenetik.med.uni-giessen.de

Human Genetics
|June 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The male-specific H-Y antigen, detected by T cells and antibodies, plays a role in graft rejection. Soluble H-Y antigen from testes is identical to Müllerian-inhibiting substance (MIS).

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Genetics
  • Reproductive Biology

Background:

  • H-Y antigen is a male histocompatibility antigen responsible for male skin graft rejection by females.
  • It is detected by cytotoxic T cells and antibodies, appearing on most male cells and in a soluble form secreted by the testis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular nature and function of H-Y antigens.
  • To investigate the identity of soluble H-Y antigen and its relationship with other molecules.

Main Methods:

  • Cloning of the gene (Smcy/SMCY) encoding the T-cell detected H-Y antigen.
  • Detection of H-Y antigens using cytotoxic T cells and antibodies.
  • Biochemical analysis and cross-reactivity studies with Müllerian-inhibiting substance (MIS).

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Main Results:

  • The gene (Smcy/SMCY) for T-cell detected H-Y antigen is cloned and ubiquitously expressed in males, encoding an epitope for T-cell response.
  • Soluble H-Y antigen secreted by the testis is identical to MIS, cross-reacting with H-Y antibodies.
  • MIS/soluble H-Y antigen is secreted by Sertoli cells, binds to a gonad-specific receptor, and induces gonadal sex reversal in vitro and in vivo.

Conclusions:

  • H-Y antigen involves multiple Y-chromosomal genes for in vivo graft rejection.
  • Soluble H-Y antigen is identical to MIS, with significant roles in gonadal development and differentiation.
  • Further molecular characterization of H-Y antigens detected by antibodies on somatic cells and in nonmammalian vertebrates is needed.