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Anti-Hsp65 antibodies recognize M proteins of group A streptococci

A Quinn1, T M Shinnick, M W Cunningham

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, 73190, USA.

Insights

Antibodies targeting the heat shock protein 65 (hsp65) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis also recognize group A streptococcal M proteins. This cross-reactivity suggests a shared epitope, potentially linking bacterial infections to autoimmune conditions like arthritis.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Microbiology
  • Autoimmunity

Background:

  • Group A streptococcal M protein and mycobacterial hsp65 are potent bacterial immunogens.
  • Both proteins are implicated in arthritis and autoimmunity.
  • Shared epitopes between these bacteria may explain cross-reactive arthritis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate immunological similarities between streptococcal M protein and hsp65.
  • To determine if antibodies against hsp65 react with streptococcal M proteins.

Main Methods:

  • Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using rabbit polyclonal anti-hsp65 serum and mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against hsp65.
  • Testing reactivity with various strains of Streptococcus pyogenes and purified recombinant M proteins (rM5, rM6).
  • Western immunoblots with MAbs IIC8 and IIH9 against rM6 protein.
  • Inhibition assays using hsp65 and M protein to block antibody binding.

Main Results:

  • Rabbit anti-hsp65 serum showed high reactivity with Streptococcus pyogenes M type 5 and recombinant M proteins (rM5, rM6).
  • Mouse anti-hsp65 MAb IIC8 reacted with multiple M types (5, 6, 19, 24, 49) but not with M protein-deficient mutants.
  • MAbs IIC8 and IIH9 recognized rM5 and rM6 proteins in ELISA and Western immunoblots.
  • Antibody binding to M protein was inhibited by both hsp65 and M protein, confirming epitope sharing.

Conclusions:

  • Anti-hsp65 antibodies recognize streptococcal M proteins.
  • A shared immunological epitope exists between mycobacterial hsp65 and streptococcal M protein.
  • This cross-reactivity may contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases like streptococcal and adjuvant arthritis.

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