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Antibodies to Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide affect bacterial adherence and multiplication

L van Alphen1, P Eijk, H Käyhty

  • 1Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Insights

Anti-Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) capsular polysaccharide (PS) antibodies inhibit bacterial growth but show limited efficacy in preventing adherence to nasopharyngeal cells. This suggests a dual mechanism for Hib colonization control.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Microbiology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Infant immunization with conjugated Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) capsular polysaccharide (PS) vaccines effectively reduces Hib colonization.
  • Understanding the precise mechanisms by which anti-Hib PS antibodies impact colonization is crucial for vaccine development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the inhibitory effects of anti-Hib PS antibodies on two key steps of H. influenzae colonization: adherence to nasopharyngeal epithelium and bacterial growth.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of a specific monoclonal antibody (MAb) and sera from immunized children against Hib adherence and growth.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro assessment of monoclonal antibody E117-5's effect on Haemophilus influenzae (Hib) strain 770235f+b+ adherence to oropharyngeal epithelial cells.
  • Evaluation of the inhibitory potential of MAb E117-5 and human sera from Hib PS conjugate vaccine recipients on Hib growth.
  • Comparison of inhibitory effects against encapsulated Hib strain 770235f+b+ and nonencapsular variant strain 770235f+b0.

Main Results:

  • Monoclonal antibody E117-5 significantly inhibited Hib adherence to epithelial cells by 50% at concentrations of 80 microg/ml (P < 0.02).
  • Neither MAb E117-5 nor sera from immunized children showed significant inhibition of adherence at concentrations up to 20 microg/ml.
  • Complete inhibition of Hib strain 770235f+b+ growth was observed with 5 microg/ml of MAb E117-5 and 2 microg/ml of anti-Hib PS in human sera, unlike the nonencapsular variant.

Conclusions:

  • Anti-Hib PS antibodies demonstrate potent bactericidal activity, effectively halting bacterial growth.
  • The inhibitory effect on adherence is less pronounced, suggesting that while antibodies can stop growth, they may not fully prevent initial attachment to the nasopharyngeal epithelium.
  • These findings highlight the multifaceted role of anti-Hib PS antibodies in controlling H. influenzae colonization.

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