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Human physiological adaptability through the life sequence

H Bafitis, F Sargent

    Journal of Gerontology
    |July 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Organ function generally increases from birth to young adulthood, then declines with age, with basal metabolic rate and intracellular water showing different patterns. These changes reflect adaptive capacity across the lifespan.

    Area of Science:

    • Physiology
    • Gerontology
    • Developmental Biology

    Background:

    • Organ function changes significantly throughout the human lifespan, from infancy to old age.
    • Previous research by Shock and colleagues documented age-related declines in organ function from 30 to 85 years.
    • Extending these observations to the entire lifespan provides a comprehensive view of human physiological changes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate changes in key organ functions from birth through old age.
    • To establish a life-sequence curve for organ function and adaptive capacity.
    • To determine how these changes relate to mortality and overall health epidemiology.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of published data on organ function indices, including maximal breathing capacity, vital capacity, glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow, basal metabolic rate (BMR), ulnar nerve conduction velocity, cardiac index, and intracellular water (ICW).

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  • Extension of existing age-related data (30-85 years) to include the period from birth.
  • Statistical analysis of functional indices and their coefficient of variation across the lifespan.

    • Main Results:

    • Most organ functions peak between 3 and 20 years of age and decline thereafter, with exceptions for BMR (declines from infancy) and ICW (peaks around 30 years).
    • The coefficient of variation for these functions consistently increases from birth to old age.
    • Peak organ function aligns with periods of minimal mortality, suggesting a link between function and adaptive capacity.

    Conclusions:

    • The observed pattern of organ function across the lifespan reflects changing adaptive capacity.
    • These lifespan shifts in adaptive capacity serve as fundamental baselines for health epidemiology.
    • Understanding these changes is crucial for investigating health and disease across all life stages.