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Vitamin D and bone health
1Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
The Journal of Nutrition
|April 1, 1996
Summary
Vitamin D is crucial for bone health, primarily obtained through sunlight exposure. Insufficiency can lead to bone disease, especially in the elderly, highlighting the need for adequate vitamin D and calcium intake.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Endocrinology
- Nutrition
Background:
- Vitamin D is vital for skeletal health in vertebrates.
- Sunlight exposure triggers vitamin D3 production in the skin.
- Vitamin D is metabolized to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, essential for calcium and phosphorus homeostasis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explain the role of vitamin D in maintaining skeletal mineralization.
- To highlight the importance of sunlight as a primary source of vitamin D.
- To address the growing concern of vitamin D deficiency and its impact on bone health.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on vitamin D metabolism and function.
- Analysis of factors affecting cutaneous vitamin D production.
- Discussion of dietary recommendations for vitamin D and calcium intake.
Main Results:
- 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D regulates serum calcium and phosphorus for cellular function and bone mineralization.
- Dietary sources of vitamin D are often insufficient and variable.
- Factors like aging, sunscreen, and sun angle significantly impact vitamin D synthesis.
Conclusions:
- Vitamin D deficiency is a significant cause of metabolic bone disease in the elderly.
- Vitamin D deficiency can lead to osteomalacia and worsen osteoporosis.
- Adequate intake of vitamin D (400 IU/d) and calcium (1000-1500 mg/d) is recommended for bone health.