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Y-chromosome DNA haplotypes in Basques

G Lucotte, S Hazout

    Journal of Molecular Evolution
    |April 1, 1996
    PubMed
    Summary

    French Basques exhibit a unique Y-haplotype XV frequency (72.2%), suggesting ancient European origins with minimal Neolithic contact. This genetic profile differs significantly from other Western European populations.

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    Area of Science:

    • Population Genetics
    • Human Evolutionary Studies
    • Ancient DNA Analysis

    Background:

    • The genetic landscape of Western Europe is shaped by prehistoric migrations and admixture events.
    • Understanding the origins of isolated populations like the Basques is crucial for reconstructing European demographic history.
    • Y-specific DNA polymorphisms offer insights into paternal lineage and population movements.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the Y-specific DNA polymorphism (p49/TaqI) in French Basques.
    • To compare Basque genetic markers with those of other Western European populations.
    • To infer the peopling history and potential ancestral contacts of the Basque population.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of the Y-specific DNA polymorphism (p49/TaqI) in 97 French Basque individuals.
    • Comparative analysis with existing data from seven other French, Iberian, and Italian populations.
    • Frequency calculation of specific Y-haplotypes (XV, XII, VII, VIII).

    Main Results:

    • A significantly high frequency of Y-haplotype XV (72.2%) was identified in the French Basque sample.
    • This frequency is considerably higher than the average (41%) observed in other Western European populations.
    • Basques showed a low presence or absence of South/Near Eastern haplotypes (XII, VII, VIII).

    Conclusions:

    • The genetic profile of the Basques, particularly the high frequency of Y-haplotype XV, supports their status as an ancient European population.
    • The observed genetic distinctiveness suggests limited gene flow from Neolithic populations into the Basque gene pool.
    • These findings contribute to the understanding of early European settlement patterns and population isolation.

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