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[Evolution modes of eukaryote retrotransposons]

Iu I Vul'f, K S Makarova, V A Ratner

    Genetika
    |January 1, 1996
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Spontaneous retrotransposition, not stress-induced events, primarily drives retroposon evolution. This finding aligns with phylogenetic analyses, suggesting a slower, more stable evolutionary rate for these genetic elements.

    Area of Science:

    • Molecular Evolution
    • Genomics
    • Bioinformatics

    Context:

    • Retroposons are mobile genetic elements with significant roles in genome evolution.
    • Understanding their evolutionary dynamics is crucial for deciphering genome plasticity and organismal adaptation.
    • Previous models debated the relative contributions of spontaneous versus stress-induced transposition.

    Purpose:

    • To investigate the primary drivers of molecular macroevolution in retroposons.
    • To quantify the contributions of genomic replication and retrotransposition to retroposon variability.
    • To assess the impact of stress-induced transposition on evolutionary rates and phylogenetic relationships.

    Summary:

    • Analysis of molecular-evolutionary parameters for Drosophila retroposons and animal retroviruses indicates spontaneous retrotransposition is the dominant source of mutation.

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  • The estimated fixation rate for nucleotide substitutions via spontaneous retrotransposition is approximately 2 x 10^-8 per position per year.
  • A stress-induced transposition model suggests a much higher rate (3 x 10^-6) but is deemed improbable due to potential genetic load.

    • Impact:

    • This study clarifies the dominant mechanism shaping retroposon evolution, favoring spontaneous events over stress-induced ones.
    • The findings reconcile molecular evolutionary parameters with phylogenetic analyses of retroposon macroevolution.
    • Provides a more accurate framework for understanding the long-term evolutionary trajectory of mobile genetic elements and their impact on host genomes.