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Pertussis vaccines: acellular versus whole-cell

¹Department of Infectious Diseases, Prince Henry Hospital, Sydney, NSW.

The Medical Journal of Australia

|May 6, 1996

Summary

Acellular pertussis vaccines, using purified Bordetella pertussis antigens, show fewer reactions and comparable or better efficacy than whole-cell vaccines. Key antigens for protection include pertussis toxoid, filamentous haemagglutinin, and pertactin.

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Vaccinology
Microbiology

Background:

Whole-cell pertussis vaccines are associated with a high rate of adverse reactions.
The development of acellular pertussis vaccines aims to improve safety and maintain efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of acellular pertussis vaccines.
To identify essential antigens for effective pertussis immunization.

Main Methods:

Extensive field testing of acellular pertussis vaccines containing purified Bordetella pertussis antigens.
Comparison of reaction rates and efficacy against whole-cell vaccines.

Main Results:

Acellular vaccines demonstrate a significantly lower rate of reactions compared to whole-cell vaccines.
The efficacy of acellular vaccines is comparable or superior to whole-cell vaccines.
Pertussis toxoid, filamentous haemagglutinin, and pertactin are identified as crucial antigens for protection.

Conclusions:

Acellular pertussis vaccines offer an improved safety profile with maintained or enhanced efficacy.
Specific purified antigens are key components for effective acellular pertussis vaccines.
Licensure of acellular pertussis vaccines for primary and booster vaccination in Australia is anticipated.

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