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[Classification of hyperlipoproteinemias and interpretation of laboratory parameters]
W Herrmann1, K J Lackner, G Schmitz
1Institut für Klinische Chemie und Laboratoriumsmedizin, Klinikums der Universität Regensburg, Deutschland.
Insights
Hyperlipidemias, including hypercholesterolemia, are classified by lipid levels and linked to cardiovascular disease risk. Expert guidelines define cholesterol levels for risk assessment and treatment targets.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Medicine
- Clinical Biochemistry
- Genetics
Context:
- Hyperlipidemias are categorized by lipid profiles: hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemias, and mixed hyperlipidemias.
- Hypercholesterolemia shows a strong correlation with coronary heart disease risk.
- Epidemiologic studies and intervention trials inform cardiovascular risk assessment.
Purpose:
- To define cholesterol values associated with cardiovascular risk.
- To establish cholesterol target levels for treatment.
- To outline parameters for classifying familial lipid disorders.
Summary:
- Expert panels have established criteria for classifying hyperlipidemias based on lipid levels.
- Cholesterol levels are categorized as low or high risk for cardiovascular disease.
- Additional parameters like LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and Lp(a) aid in risk stratification.
Impact:
- Provides a framework for assessing cardiovascular risk related to lipid levels.
- Guides clinical decisions in managing hyperlipidemia.
- Facilitates the diagnosis and classification of genetic lipid disorders.
Abstract:
Hyperlipidemias are grouped according to their lipid levels in hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemias, and mixed hyperlipidemias. Among these, hypercholesterolemia has the strongest correlation to the risk for coronary heart disease. Based on the results from epidemiologic studies and intervention trials several expert panels have defined cholesterol values with low and high cardiovascular risk and cholesterol target levels for treatment. In the presence of hyperlipidemia additional parameters like LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and Lp(a) may be determined depending on the individual patient's risk profile. For classification of familial lipid disorders, analysis of relatives and the determination of special parameters may be necessary. These include apolipoproteins (concentration, isoforms, mutants), enzyme activities (lipases, LCAT), LDL receptor activity, oratypical lipoproteins.