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A focus of endemic malaria in central Java

J K Baird1, P Sismadi, S Masbar

  • 1U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 2, Jakarta, Indonesia.

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
|January 1, 1996
PubMed
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This study identifies Kokap, Java, as a malaria hotspot with high Plasmodium vivax rates. Endemic malaria persists in this region, unlike surrounding areas.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Entomology
  • Tropical Medicine
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Malaria remains a significant public health concern in endemic regions.
  • Identifying and characterizing malaria foci is crucial for targeted control strategies.
  • Java, Indonesia, has historically faced malaria challenges, necessitating ongoing surveillance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the epidemiology of malaria in the Kokap subdistrict, Java, a known endemic area.
  • To determine the prevalence, incidence, and species of malaria parasites in Kokap.
  • To compare malaria transmission in Kokap with adjacent regions.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional parasitological surveys were conducted in June 1994.
  • Parasitemia prevalence was calculated based on resident data.

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  • Malaria incidence was assessed using person-year data from 1993.
  • Geographic comparison of malaria rates with adjoining subdistricts and districts was performed.

    • Main Results:

    • Kokap subdistrict exhibited hypoendemic malaria with a prevalence of 0.98% (n=10,606).
    • Plasmodium vivax accounted for 63% of infections; Plasmodium falciparum comprised the remainder.
    • Indigenous malaria incidence was 48 cases/1,000 person-years, uniform across age groups.
    • Adjoining areas reported significantly lower incidence rates (<2 cases/1,000 p-yr), except Purworejo District (11 cases/1,000 p-yr).
    • The highest incidence village area (169 cases/1,000 p-yr) bordered Purworejo, coinciding with hilly terrain.

    Conclusions:

    • Kokap subdistrict represents a persistent focus of endemic malaria in Java.
    • Plasmodium vivax is the predominant species in this hypoendemic area.
    • Geographic and topographical factors may influence malaria transmission patterns in Kokap and Purworejo.